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FreeBSD 9.2 server configuration: Apache, Php, Mysql, DNS, Samba

By February 18, 2014June 23rd, 2015Administration

Hello everyone!

Once, somewhere in summer 2011, I already configured FreeBSD 8 development server in our office. Then upgraded it to FreeBSD 9.0

And now new 2x2Tb disks ( for RAID0 ) and 1 SSD 100Gb arrived in case we have a lack of space on the current 500GB raid.

It’s time to install it again!

Main goal is to have more flexible server configuration and avoid of small errors which i had in first installation.

The main steps would be:

  • FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE installation
  • Configuration and installation small utils like MC, Webmin, etc
  • Apache 2.2 installation
  • PHP 5.2, PHP 5.3, PHP 5.4 installation. All versions would be installed as FCGI
  • Mysql server
  • BIND DNS server
  • Apache Virtual Hosts
  • Samba 3.6
  • Sendmail

1. FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE installation

Diring the installation please refer this official manual: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/bsdinstall.html
Allocating Disk Space: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/bsdinstall-partitioning.html

2. Configuration and installation small utils like MC, Webmin, etc

2.1 Add “admin” user to the “wheel” group.
Login as the root user and add “admin” user to the “wheel” group. Then you will be able to operate as superuser.

  pw user mod admin -G wheel

2.1 MC

  cd /usr/ports/misc/mc
  make install clean

Uncheck “X11” support. All others may leave by default. MC installations is a really long process with a lot of dialog windows. Just press everywhere “Ok”.

2.2 Webmin

Install or update ports

  portsnap fetch
  portsnap extract
  portsnap fetch update

Webmin installation

  cd /usr/ports/sysutils/webmin
  make install clean

Add next line to “/etc/rc.conf” file.

  webmin_enable="YES"

Configure Webmin by running.

  /usr/local/lib/webmin/setup.sh

Start Webmin for the first time by running

  /usr/local/etc/rc.d/webmin start

Open Webmin in browser

  https://your-ip:10000/

3. Apache 2.2 installation

Navigate to the Apache server port and build it:

  cd /usr/ports/www/apache24
  make install clean

Add next line to “/etc/rc.conf” file.

  apache24_enable="YES"

Now let’s start Apache to make sure it works:

  /usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache24 start

If you are getting this error

  Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, 
  using 127.0.0.1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress 
  this message

Add next line to /usr/local/ect/apache24/httpd.conf file

  ServerName localhost

4. PHP 5.2, PHP 5.3, PHP 5.4 installation. All versions as FCGI

Install mod_fcgid

  cd /usr/ports/www/mod_fcgid
  make install clean

Add next line to /usr/local/ect/apache24/httpd.conf file

  LoadModule fcgid_module libexec/apache24/mod_fcgid.so

4.1 Installing PHP5.4

  cd /usr/ports/lang/php5
  make config
  make PREFIX=/usr/local/php54 PHPBASE=/usr/local/php54 install clean

If you got this error

  error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.

Try this:

  cd /usr/ports/textproc/libxml2/
  make reinstall

Pre configure PHP54 to make sure it works.
Add next lines to to /usr/local/ect/apache24/httpd.conf file.

  <Directory "/usr/local/www/apache24/data">
    ...
    Options ExecCGI
    Options +Indexes
    Allow from all
  </Directory>
  
  <IfModule mime_module>
    ...
    AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
    AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
  </IfModule>

Create new file /usr/local/ect/apache24/Includes/httpd-fcgid.conf with the next content:

  <IfModule mod_fcgid.c>
    AddHandler fcgid-script .php
    FCGIWrapper /usr/local/php54/bin/php-cgi .php
    FcgidMaxRequestLen 134217728
  </IfModule>

Change DirectoryIndex directive in file /usr/local/etc/apache24/httpd.conf

  DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php

4.2 Installing PHP5.3

  cd /usr/ports/lang/php53
  make config
  make PREFIX=/usr/local/php53 PHPBASE=/usr/local/php53 install clean DISABLE_CONFLICTS=1

4.3 Installing PHP5.2

  cd /usr/ports/lang/php52
  make config
  make PREFIX=/usr/local/php52 PHPBASE=/usr/local/php52 install clean

4.4 Configuration all PHP5.X

Create php.ini file for each php verson: /usr/local/php5X/etc/php.ini

  user_ini.filename = "php.ini"
  date.timezone = Europe/Kiev

In this way you can override php_value and php_flag variables, because PHP installation as FCGI doesn’t allow to override these variables via htaccess ( cause 500 error ).
You can override php_value and php_flag per-directory level, just need to create php.ini in the directory where you want to override these variables.
P.S. user_ini.filename is not supported by PHP52, so you have to override these variables in the main php.ini file /usr/local/php52/etc/php.ini

date.timezone needed to avoid following Warning

  Warning: phpinfo() [function.phpinfo]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings.

For using another FCGI Wrapper instead of default php54, just add into htaccess:

For php53

  FCGIWrapper /usr/local/php53/bin/php-cgi .php

For php52

 
  FCGIWrapper /usr/local/php52/bin/php-cgi .php

4.5 Installing PHP5.4 extensions

  cd /usr/ports/lang/php5-extensions
  make PREFIX=/usr/local/php54 PHPBASE=/usr/local/php54 install clean

Select neccessary extensions which you need to have.

If you got this error

  error: Please reinstall the libcurl distribution

Try this:

  cd /usr/ports/ftp/curl
  make reinstall

If you got this error

    Stop in /usr/ports/x11/libXau.

put the following in your /etc/make.conf:

  WITHOUT_X11=yes

For each failed extension, try

  cd /usr/ports/[portdir]
  make deinstall
  make clean
  make distclean
  make clean
  make rmconfig

And Then resintall it (with PREFIX if needed)

Reinstall libjpeg

  cd /usr/ports/graphics/jpeg
  make reinstall

Reinstall freetype2

  cd /usr/ports/print/freetype2
  make reinstall

4.6 Installing PHP5.3 extensions

  cd /usr/ports/lang/php53-extensions
  make PREFIX=/usr/local/php53 PHPBASE=/usr/local/php53 install clean

Select neccessary extensions which you need to have.

4.7 Installing PHP5.2 extensions

  cd /usr/ports/lang/php52-extensions
  make PREFIX=/usr/local/php52 PHPBASE=/usr/local/php52 install clean

Select neccessary extensions which you need to have.


Please be sure you have instaled all these extensions for all PHP versions
CURL, GD, MYSQL, MYSQLI, PDO, PDO_MYSQL, MBSTRING, MCRYPT, ZLIB, ZIP, SOAP, LDAP, OPENSSL

5. Mysql Server

Build the MySQL server:

  cd /usr/ports/databases/mysql56-server
  make install clean

Add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:

  mysql_enable="YES"

Start the mysql server:

  /usr/local/etc/rc.d/mysql-server start

Then set a password for the MySQL root user:

  /usr/local/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'your-password'

Add new user within the MySQL shell:

  CREATE USER 'developer'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'developer';
  GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON * . * TO 'developer'@'localhost';
  FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

6. BIND DNS server

Usually BIND server is already installed in FreeBSD.
Add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:

  named_enable="YES"

In the file /etc/namedb/named.conf make next configurations

  options {
    ...
    listen-on  {
      192.168.1.200;
      127.0.0.1;
    };
    ...
  };
  
  zone "dev" {
    type master;
    file "/etc/namedb/dev.zone";
  };
  zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
    type master;
    file "/etc/namedb/dev-reverse.zone";
  };

Then create zone file /etc/namedb/dev.zone

  dev.  IN  SOA ns1.dev. n2.dev. (
        2009121101
        86400
        7200
        8640000
        86400 )

        IN  NS  ns1.dev.

  ns1 IN  A 192.168.1.200
  ns2 IN  A 192.168.1.200

  vmserver  IN  A 192.168.1.200
  php54 IN  A 192.168.1.200

And for reverse zone /etc/namedb/dev-reverse.zone

  $TTL  3600
  @ IN  SOA ns1.dev. ns2.dev. (
        2009121102
        3600
        900
        3600000
        3600 )
  IN  NS  ns1.dev.
  IN  NS  ns2.dev.

  200 IN  PTR vmserver.dev.
  200 IN  PTR php54.dev.

At last configure /etc/resolv.conf properly

  domain dev
  nameserver 192.168.1.200

7. Apache Virtual Hosts

Create /usr/local/ect/apache24/Includes/httpd-vhosts.conf

  <VirtualHost *:80>
  DocumentRoot "/usr/local/www/apache24/data"
  ServerName vmserver.dev
  <Directory "/usr/local/www/apache24/data">
    Require all granted
    Allow from all
  </Directory>
  </VirtualHost>

  <VirtualHost *:80>
  DocumentRoot "/usr/local/www/php54.dev"
  ServerName php54.dev
  <Directory "/usr/local/www/php54.dev">
    Require all granted
    Allow from all
  </Directory>
  </VirtualHost>

8. Samba 3.6

Installation

  cd /usr/ports/net/samba36
  make install clean

Select: ACL_SUPPORT, AIO_SUPPORT, CUPS

Add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:

  samba_enable="YES"

Configuration file /usr/local/etc/smb.conf should contain next lines

  [global]
    workgroup = WEBCODING
    netbios name = VMSERVER
    server string = Virtual machine server
    security = SHARE

  [work]
    path = /usr/local/work
    public = yes
    browseable = yes
    writable = yes
  [www]
    path = /usr/local/www
    public = yes
    browseable = yes
    writable = yes

9. Sendmail

At the end, we need to to redirect all email to one on the local email boxes.

We need to create working macro configuration file.

  cd /etc/mail
  make

Add next line to the created sendmail configuration file: /etc/mail/vmserver.dev.mc

  define(`SMART_HOST',`local:catch-all')

Then add alias to the /etc/mail/aliases file

  catch-all:  qa

Generate the sendmail.cf by issuing the following commands:

  make install

And then restart sendmail service

  make restart
  service sendmail restart

Then all emails will be sent to the local mailbox of the QA user instead of spamming real clients mailboxes.

Finished! Now you can use server for development.

P.S. Please don’t use this configuration on the production servers.

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